India celebrates Independence Day on August 15 each year. India became an independent nation August 15, 1947, if one day the Gazette is held annually to remember this date.
Independence Day is celebrated every year on 15 August is a national holiday in India commemorating the independence of the nation from British rule on August 15, 1947. India attained freedom after an independence movement noted for the non-violent resistance and largely civil disobedience led by the Indian National Congress. Independence coincided with the partition of India, where the British Indian Empire was divided along religious lines in the Dominions of India and Pakistan, the partition was accompanied by violent riots and massive losses .
The flagship event of the celebrations of Independence Day held in New Delhi, where the Prime Minister hoists the national flag of the Red Fort and delivers a speech ramparts. The festival is observed throughout India with flag hoisting ceremonies, parades and cultural events. Indians celebrate the day by displaying the national flag on their clothing, accessories, houses and cars, listening to patriotic songs, watch patriotic movies, and liaison with family and friends. Books and movies have the independence and partition in their story. Separatist and militant organizations have often led terrorist attacks on and around August 15, and others have said the strikes and used black flags to boycott the celebration.European traders had established outposts on the Indian subcontinent in the 17th century. Thanks to the overwhelming military strength, British East India Company controlled local kingdoms and established themselves as the dominant force in the 18th century. After the rebellion of 1857, the India Government Act 1858 led to the British Crown to assume direct control of India. In the following decades, civil society has emerged gradually across India, especially the Indian National Congress, formed in 1885.The period after the First World War was marked by British reforms, such as the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms but he also attended the promulgation of the Act and calls for autonomy by Indian activists repressive Rowlatt. Discontent crystallized in this period of non-violent movements in the country of non-cooperation and civil disobedience led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
During the 1930s, the reform was gradually covered by British, Congress won victories in the resulting elections.195-197 The next decade was beset by political turmoil: Indian participation in World War II, driven Final Congress for non-cooperation, and a rise of Muslim nationalism led by the Muslim League All-India. The growing political tension was crowned by independence in 1947. The jubilation was tempered by the bloody partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan.
The Red Fort (usually transcribed into English as Lal Qila or Lal Qil'ah) is a 17th century fort complex constructed by the Rajput king, Prithviraj Chauhan in the walled city of Old Delhi (in present Delhi, India) after the defeat of Rajput, it was the residence of the Mughal emperors. The fort was the palace for the new capital of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Shahjahanabad, the seventh city in the Delhi site. He moved his capital here from Agra in a move designed to bring prestige to his reign, and to provide ample opportunity to implement its programs and the interests of ambitious construction. He served as the capital of the Mughals until 1857, when Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled by the British Indian government.
The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats that surround most of the wall walls.The its northeastern corner is adjacent to an old fort, the Salimgarh Fort, a defense built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546 . The construction of the Red Fort began in 1638 and was completed by 1648. The Red Fort has had many additional developments after its construction by Emperor Shah Jahan. Significant phases of development were under Aurangzeb and later Mughal rulers in later. It was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007. The previous Red Fort was built by King Tomara Anangpala, now known as the Mosque of Qulb.
Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India. Written in very Sanskritised (tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of the Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress, December 27, 1911. "Jana Gana Mana" was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem January 24, 1950. December 27, 2011 marked the end of 100 years of Jana Gana Mana since it was sung for the first time.
The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali. The original Hindi version of the song Jana Gana Mana, translated by Ali and based on the poem by Tagore, was a little different. It was "Sukh chain Ki Barkha Barase, Bharat Bhagya Hai Jaga ....". Jana Gana Mana was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem January 24, 1950.
An official interpretation of the national anthem takes 52 seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also organized on the occasion. Tagore wrote the English translation of the song and with Margaret Cousins (an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins), put notation Madanapalle in Andhra Pradesh, which is followed only when the song is sung in the original slow rendering style of singing. However, when the version of the national anthem of the song is sung, it is made in the traditional Martial grandiose style of music.
words.
The text, though Bengali, is highly sanskritised (written in a literary register called Sadhu Bhasa). The song was written almost entirely by using names that can also function as verbs. Most of the song names are in use in all major Indian languages. Therefore, the original song is clearly understandable, and in fact, remains almost unchanged in several very different Indian languages. Also in the form of quasi-Sanskrit text, it is acceptable in many modern Indic languages, but the pronunciation varies considerably across India. This is primarily because most Indic languages are abugidas in that certain unmarked consonants are assumed to have an inherent vowel, but conventions for this differ among the languages of India. The transcription below reflects the Bengali pronunciation, in both the Bengali script and romanization. The following are officially recognized versions of the national anthem by the Indian government in some of the officially recognized languages.
In Telugu:
జన గణ మన అధినాయక జయహే
భారత భాగ్య విధాత
పంజాబ, సింధు, గుజరాత, మరాఠ
ద్రావిడ, ఉత్కళ, వంగ,
వింధ్య, హిమాచల, యమునా, గంగ,
ఉచ్ఛల జలధి తరంగ
తవ శుభ నామే జాగే,
తవశుభ ఆశిష మాగే;
గాహే తవజయ గాథ..
జన గణ మంగళ దాయక జయహే,
భారత భాగ్య విధాత,
జయహే, జయహే, జయహే,
జయ జయ జయ జయహే.
जन गण मन (Devanagari)
जन-गण-मन अधिनायक जय हे
भारत-भाग्य-विधाता ।
पंजाब सिंध गुजरात मराठा
द्राविड़ उत्कल बंग ।
विंध्य हिमाचल यमुना गंगा,
उच्छल जलधि तरंग ।
तव शुभ नामे जागे,
तव शुभ आशिष माँगे;
गाहे तव जय गाथा ।
जन-गण मंगलदायक जय हे,
भारत-भाग्य-विधाता ।
जय हे, जय हे, जय हे,
जय जय जय, जय हे ।।
Rabindranath Tagore translated "Jana Gana Mana" from Bengali to English and also set to music in Madanapalle, a town in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state, India. Though the Bengali song had been written in 1911, he was largely unknown except for readers of Brahmo Samaj, Tatva Bodha Prakasika which Tagore was the editor.
During 1919, Tagore accepted an invitation from a friend and controversial Irish poet James H. Cousins to spend a few days at the Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle located which Cousins was the principal. On the evening of February 28, 1919, he joined a gathering of students and demand Cousins, sang the Jana Gana Mana in Bengali. The college authorities, greatly impressed by the lofty ideals of the song and praise to God, chose as their prayer song. In the days that followed, enchanted by the idyllic hills of Madanapalle, Tagore wrote the English translation of the song and the woman Cousins, Margaret (an expert in Western music), put the notation which is followed up to date. The song was carried beyond the borders of India by the college students and became The Morning Song of India and subsequently the national anthem.
Today, in the library of Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, the framed original English translation of Jana Gana Mana, titled as The Morning Song of India in Tagore's handwriting is displayed
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